diff --git a/backend/app/models/duty_models.py b/backend/app/models/duty_models.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9767fc8eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/app/models/duty_models.py
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+"""值班排班模型 — docs/superpowers/specs/2026-08-14-duty-schedule-design.md"""
+from datetime import datetime
+
+from sqlalchemy import Column, Date, DateTime, Integer, SmallInteger, String
+
+from app.core.database import Base
+
+SHIFT_MORNING = "morning"
+SHIFT_EVENING = "evening"
+SHIFT_DUTY = "duty"
+SHIFT_LABELS = {
+    SHIFT_MORNING: "早班",
+    SHIFT_EVENING: "晚班",
+    SHIFT_DUTY: "值班",
+}
+LINK_OPEN = "open"
+LINK_CLOSED = "closed"
+SOURCE_ASSIGN = "assign"
+SOURCE_GRAB = "grab"
+
+
+class DutyDay(Base):
+    __tablename__ = "duty_day"
+
+    id = Column(String(64), primary_key=True, comment="主键ID（UUID）")
+    duty_date = Column(Date, nullable=False, comment="值班日期")
+    access_token = Column(String(64), nullable=False, comment="公开访问令牌")
+    link_status = Column(String(16), nullable=False, default=LINK_OPEN, comment="open/closed")
+    tenant_no = Column(String(64), nullable=False, default="shanxia2.0", comment="租户编号")
+    order_num = Column(Integer, nullable=True, comment="排序号")
+    remark = Column(String(500), nullable=True, comment="备注")
+    create_by = Column(String(64), nullable=True, comment="创建者")
+    create_dept_id = Column(String(64), nullable=False, default="", comment="创建部门")
+    create_time = Column(DateTime, nullable=False, default=datetime.now, comment="创建时间")
+    update_by = Column(String(64), nullable=True, comment="更新者")
+    update_time = Column(
+        DateTime, nullable=False, default=datetime.now, onupdate=datetime.now, comment="更新时间"
+    )
+    del_flag = Column(SmallInteger, nullable=False, default=0, comment="删除标志")
+
+
+class DutySlot(Base):
+    __tablename__ = "duty_slot"
+
+    id = Column(String(64), primary_key=True, comment="主键ID（UUID）")
+    duty_day_id = Column(String(64), nullable=False, comment="值班日ID")
+    shift_type = Column(String(32), nullable=False, comment="morning/evening/duty")
+    capacity = Column(Integer, nullable=False, default=1, comment="名额")
+    tenant_no = Column(String(64), nullable=False, default="shanxia2.0", comment="租户编号")
+    order_num = Column(Integer, nullable=True, comment="排序号")
+    remark = Column(String(500), nullable=True, comment="备注")
+    create_by = Column(String(64), nullable=True, comment="创建者")
+    create_dept_id = Column(String(64), nullable=False, default="", comment="创建部门")
+    create_time = Column(DateTime, nullable=False, default=datetime.now, comment="创建时间")
+    update_by = Column(String(64), nullable=True, comment="更新者")
+    update_time = Column(
+        DateTime, nullable=False, default=datetime.now, onupdate=datetime.now, comment="更新时间"
+    )
+    del_flag = Column(SmallInteger, nullable=False, default=0, comment="删除标志")
+
+
+class DutyAssignment(Base):
+    __tablename__ = "duty_assignment"
+
+    id = Column(String(64), primary_key=True, comment="主键ID（UUID）")
+    duty_slot_id = Column(String(64), nullable=False, comment="班次名额ID")
+    source = Column(String(16), nullable=False, comment="assign/grab")
+    user_id = Column(String(64), nullable=True, comment="系统用户ID（指定时）")
+    person_name = Column(String(64), nullable=False, comment="展示姓名")
+    tenant_no = Column(String(64), nullable=False, default="shanxia2.0", comment="租户编号")
+    order_num = Column(Integer, nullable=True, comment="排序号")
+    remark = Column(String(500), nullable=True, comment="备注")
+    create_by = Column(String(64), nullable=True, comment="创建者")
+    create_dept_id = Column(String(64), nullable=False, default="", comment="创建部门")
+    create_time = Column(DateTime, nullable=False, default=datetime.now, comment="创建时间")
+    update_by = Column(String(64), nullable=True, comment="更新者")
+    update_time = Column(
+        DateTime, nullable=False, default=datetime.now, onupdate=datetime.now, comment="更新时间"
+    )
+    del_flag = Column(SmallInteger, nullable=False, default=0, comment="删除标志")